Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Question Answer

Solution: b. Plantation Agriculture

Solution: c. Gram

Solution: a. Pulses

Coffee is an important beverage crop. It thrives in tropical regions with temperatures between 15-24°Celsius, abundant rainfall, and well-drained soil with pH ranging from 5 to 6.

Rice is a staple crop of India, produced across regions including the Gangetic plains, South India, Northeastern states, and Coastal areas supporting the country’s diverse cuisine and population.

Various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers are:
a. PM-KISAN: Direct income support.
b. E-NAM: Online agricultural markets.
c. FPOs: Strengthening farmer collectives.
d. MSP reforms: Enhancing price support.
e. Agricultural credit reforms: Improved access to loans.
f. Soil Health Card: Promoting soil fertility.

It can lead to:
a. Reduced agricultural land leads to food scarcity.
b. Increased prices of essential goods.
c. Threat to rural livelihoods.
d. Dependence on imports.
e. Pressure on existing farmland, potentially harming ecosystems

Various initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultural production:
a. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): Aims to provide efficient irrigation systems to ensure water availability for agricultural needs.

b. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA): Promotes sustainable farming practices, soil health management, and climate-resilient agriculture.

c. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): Supports states in increasing agricultural productivity and overall development of the agriculture sector.

c. Soil Health Card Scheme: Provides farmers with soil testing and recommendations for balanced fertilization.

d. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): Offers crop insurance to protect farmers from crop losses due to natural calamities.

e. e-NAM (National Agriculture Market): Facilitates online trading of agricultural produce to ensure better price realization for farmers.

f. MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act): Provides rural employment, contributing to agricultural labor availability.

g. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): Promotes organic farming practices to enhance soil fertility and reduce chemical inputs.

h. Agricultural Extension Services: Government initiatives to educate farmers about modern techniques and technologies.

i. Warehouse Infrastructure Development: Enhancing storage facilities to reduce post-harvest losses.

Impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture:
a. Market Access: Due to globalisation easy access to international markets has expanded agricultural trade opportunities for Indian farmers.

b. Technology Transfer: Globalisation has helped in the transfer of advanced farming techniques and technologies which resulted in better productivity.

c. Diversification: Farmers now cultivate cash crops for exports, altering traditional crop patterns and income sources.

d. Competition: Competition has increased due to globalisation, forcing farmers to enhance efficiency and quality.

e. Risks and Vulnerability: Fluctuating prices in the world can lead to income instability which can impact farmers’ livelihoods.

f. Agribusiness: Multinational corporations’ involvement has changed the mode of farming, it has now become an enterprise.

g. Land Use Change: Global demand for certain crops has led to shifts in land use, sometimes at the expense of sustainability.

h. Infrastructure Development: Export-oriented farming has prompted better infrastructure development in rural areas.

i. Livelihood Shift: Globalisation has driven migration as rural labour seeks opportunities beyond agriculture.

j. Policy Challenges: Balancing global trade with safeguarding farmers’ interests poses a policy challenge for sustainable agriculture growth.