LEA Reviewer: Key Agricultural Extension & Communication Questions

1. Agricultural extension is primarily considered as:

• a) Formal classroom teaching
• b) Non-formal education for farmers
• c) Laboratory-based research
• d) Government policy making

2. Which principle of extension emphasizes that programs must match the felt needs of the clientele?

• a) Leadership principle
• b) Interest and need principle
• c) Cooperation principle
• d) Voluntarism principle

3. In the communication process, the person who initiates and sends the message is called the:

• a) Receiver
• b) Source
• c) Channel
• d) Feedback

4. Which of the following is NOT considered a mass extension teaching method?

• a) Radio broadcast
• b) Farm and home visit
• c) Newspaper articles
• d) Television program

5. The first stage in the innovation-decision process according to Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations theory is:

• a) Trial
• b) Awareness
• c) Evaluation
• d) Adoption

6. The attribute of an innovation that refers to its consistency with existing values and practices is called:

• a) Relative advantage
• b) Compatibility
• c) Complexity
• d) Observability

7. The Training and Visit (T&V) system of extension is primarily characterized by:

• a) Use of farmer-to-farmer learning only
• b) Regular visits by extension workers to contact farmers
• c) Exclusive reliance on radio programs
• d) Top-down commodity-specific policies

8. An essential quality of an effective extension worker is:

• a) Authoritarian attitude
• b) Technical competence with empathy
• c) Indifference to farmers’ needs
• d) Reliance on written policies only

9. A major barrier to effective communication in rural communities is:

• a) Use of local language
• b) Cultural differences and illiteracy
• c) Demonstration method
• d) Farmer participation

10. The Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997 in the Philippines emphasizes:

• a) Privatization of education
• b) Decentralization and modernization of extension services
• c) Limiting extension to research institutes only
• d) Elimination of farmer cooperatives

11. Which extension teaching method allows farmers to learn by doing under the guidance of an instructor?

• a) Lecture method
• b) Method demonstration
• c) Symposium
• d) Group discussion

12. The stage of adoption where a farmer decides to make full use of an innovation is called:

• a) Trial
• b) Adoption
• c) Evaluation
• d) Awareness

13. Which of the following is a group extension method?

• a) Farm visit
• b) Radio broadcast
• c) Field day
• d) Newspaper article

14. Which attribute of an innovation refers to how easily it can be tested on a limited basis?

• a) Observability
• b) Complexity
• c) Trialability
• d) Compatibility

15. Which extension approach emphasizes active involvement of farmers in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs?

• a) Top-down approach
• b) Participatory approach
• c) Commodity approach
• d) Training and Visit approach

16. Which of the following best describes feedback in the communication process?

• a) Message sent from the source to the receiver
• b) Response of the receiver to the source
• c) Medium through which the message travels
• d) Information distortion due to barriers

17. Which extension worker’s role is focused on building trust and linking farmers with research institutions?

• a) Authoritarian leader
• b) Liaison and facilitator
• c) Sole decision maker
• d) Policy enforcer

18. Which of the following is an example of downward communication in extension organizations?

• a) Farmers giving feedback to LGU officials
• b) Policies issued by the Department of Agriculture to field staff
• c) Farmers exchanging ideas during field day
• d) Extension workers consulting farmers

19. Which law institutionalized the devolution of agricultural extension services to local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines?

• a) Republic Act 7607
• b) Republic Act 7160
• c) Republic Act 8178
• d) Republic Act 3844

20. In monitoring and evaluation of extension programs, which indicator best measures impact?

• a) Number of extension workers trained
• b) Percentage of farmers adopting a new technology
• c) Number of leaflets distributed
• d) Number of meetings conducted

21. Which of the following is an example of a visual aid commonly used in extension teaching?

• a) Bulletin board
• b) Radio program
• c) Farm visit
• d) Group discussion

22. In Rogers’ adopter categories, which group is the first to adopt a new technology?

• a) Early majority
• b) Innovators
• c) Laggards
• d) Late majority

23. Which of the following best represents horizontal communication in extension?

• a) A farmer teaching another farmer during a field school
• b) Department of Agriculture issuing a memo
• c) Farmers receiving instructions from LGU officials
• d) Extension worker reporting to supervisor

24. Which teaching method is most suitable for teaching a skill such as compost preparation?

• a) Method demonstration
• b) Lecture method
• c) Panel discussion
• d) Symposium

25. The term “two-way communication” in extension refers to:

• a) Source delivers message without feedback
• b) Continuous exchange between source and receiver
• c) Information only flows from mass media
• d) One leader dictates to subordinates

26. Which of the following is considered a group extension activity?

• a) Method demonstration
• b) Symposium
• c) Farm visit
• d) Newspaper publication

27. Which of the following is an example of a communication barrier due to socio-economic factors?

• a) Poor signal reception in rural areas
• b) Farmers unable to afford new technology
• c) Use of technical jargon in lectures
• d) Lack of visual aids

28. The “observability” attribute of an innovation means:

• a) It is consistent with cultural values
• b) Its benefits can be seen by others
• c) It can be tried on a small scale
• d) It requires minimal resources

29. Republic Act 8435, otherwise known as AFMA, was enacted in which year?

• a) 1986
• b) 1991
• c) 1997
• d) 2001

30. Which monitoring tool is used to assess farmers’ adoption rate of a new technology?

• a) Attendance sheet
• b) Adoption survey
• c) Training schedule
• d) Program budget report

31. Which extension approach emphasizes empowering farmers by facilitating their own analysis, planning, and action?

• a) Transfer of Technology Approach
• b) Participatory Rural Appraisal
• c) Top-down Extension Model
• d) Farming Systems Research

32. In adult learning, the principle of relevance implies that:

• a) Adults learn best when taught theoretical concepts
• b) Learning should be connected to learners’ life situations
• c) Adults prefer memorization of facts
• d) Learning is most effective when abstract

33. The Farmers’ Field School (FFS) is primarily based on which educational philosophy?

• a) Behaviorism
• b) Constructivism
• c) Classical Conditioning
• d) Structuralism

34. Which is a major limitation of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system?

• a) Emphasis on farmer participation
• b) High operational and maintenance costs
• c) Strong linkage with research
• d) Regular farmer meetings

35. Which of the following is a quantitative tool for extension program evaluation?

• a) Case study
• b) Survey questionnaire
• c) Focus group discussion
• d) Participant observation

36. The Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) in the Philippines serves primarily as:

• a) A national crop breeding center
• b) The lead agency for extension, training, and information services
• c) A farmers’ cooperative
• d) A credit and microfinance agency

37. In Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory, which category of adopters is most influenced by peers and local norms?

• a) Innovators
• b) Early Majority
• c) Laggards
• d) Late Majority

38. Which communication model emphasizes the two-way interaction between sender and receiver with feedback?

• a) Shannon-Weaver Model
• b) Schramm’s Interactive Model
• c) Aristotle’s Model
• d) Lasswell’s Model

39. Gender and Development (GAD) in agricultural extension primarily seeks to:

• a) Focus extension solely on male farmers
• b) Promote equitable access to resources, training, and opportunities for both men and women
• c) Replace traditional practices with modern technology only
• d) Limit extension work to women’s groups

40. Which is a key leadership trait for effective agricultural extension workers?

• a) Authoritarian decision-making
• b) Ability to inspire and motivate farmers
• c) Avoidance of farmer participation
• d) Resistance to change

41. Which Philippine law institutionalized the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997?

• a) Republic Act 7160
• b) Republic Act 8435
• c) Republic Act 7607
• d) Republic Act 7900

42. Which extension teaching method involves farmers visiting successful farms to learn through observation?

• a) Method demonstration
• b) Farm and home visit
• c) Field trip
• d) Lecture

43. Which participatory tool uses visual diagrams to help farmers analyze seasonal variations in farming activities?

• a) Venn diagram
• b) Seasonal calendar
• c) Problem tree analysis
• d) Wealth ranking

44. Which of the following is an example of mass communication in agricultural extension?

• a) Radio farm broadcasts
• b) Farm and home visits
• c) Group discussion
• d) Method demonstration

45. In program planning, which step comes immediately after identifying the problems and needs of farmers?

• a) Setting objectives
• b) Evaluating the program
• c) Implementing the plan
• d) Organizing the extension staff

46. Which extension method is best suited for teaching farmers how to use a new piece of farm equipment?

• a) Lecture
• b) Method demonstration
• c) Field trip
• d) Poster campaign

47. The Community Development approach in extension emphasizes:

• a) Centralized decision-making
• b) Active participation of the people in planning and implementation
• c) Reliance on mass media only
• d) Dependence on external aid

48. Which ICT-based platform in the Philippines provides farmers with e-extension services?

• a) e-Agrikultura
• b) e-Extension Portal
• c) PhilRice Text Center
• d) AgriLink

49. In the context of agricultural extension, the term “pluralism” refers to:

• a) Extension work done only by government agencies
• b) Multiple providers such as government, NGOs, and private sector delivering extension services
• c) Farmers relying solely on cooperatives
• d) Use of ICT tools only

50. Which of the following best describes formative evaluation in extension programs?

• a) Conducted after program completion to measure impact
• b) Ongoing evaluation during program implementation to improve effectiveness
• c) Focused only on financial outcomes
• d) Used solely for academic research