LEA Mock Test: Extension and Communication Questions

1. Which of the following best describes the primary focus of rural sociology in relation to agricultural extension?

• a) Study of plant and animal production systems only
• b) Study of social structures, relationships and institutions in rural communities to inform extension interventions
• c) Analysis of urban migration patterns exclusively
• d) Monitoring of market prices for farm commodities

2. Under the Philippine Local Government Code (devolution), which level of government primarily assumed responsibility for most frontline agricultural extension services?

• a) National line agencies only
• b) Barangay councils exclusively
• c) Philippine Congress through special committees
• d) Provincial, city and municipal local government units (LGUs)

3. Which extension approach was originally designed to teach integrated pest management (IPM) to irrigated rice farmers through season-long, experiential group learning?

• a) Farmer Field School (FFS)
• b) Training and Visit (T&V)
• c) Mass media campaign
• d) Top-down mandatory training

4. In community mobilization, which activity is MOST important at the start of a participatory project?

• a) Immediate disbursement of inputs
• b) Hiring external consultants to plan activities
• c) Conducting a participatory needs assessment and stakeholder mapping
• d) Launching mass media advertisements

5. Which of the following is a common characteristic of rural social structure relevant to extension planning?

• a) High level of anonymity among residents
• b) Strong kinship ties and interpersonal networks
• c) Dominance of industrial employment over agriculture
• d) Universal access to digital extension services

6. Which statement correctly contrasts top-down and bottom-up extension approaches?

• a) Top-down issues decisions centrally; bottom-up emphasizes farmer participation in decision making.
• b) Bottom-up requires no planning while top-down is always participatory
• c) Both approaches always use the same training methods
• d) Top-down is only used in developed countries

7. Which gender analysis tool specifically examines workloads, access to resources and decision-making in development projects?

• a) PESTEL analysis
• b) SWOT analysis
• c) Cost–benefit analysis
• d) Gender analysis (e.g., Harvard Framework / Moser Framework)

8. Which of the following describes a primary objective of the Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Training Institute (ATI)?

• a) Regulating agrochemical sales nationwide
• b) Managing irrigation systems
• c) Providing training and extension capacity building for farmers and extension workers
• d) Setting commodity price floors

9. In rural leadership identification, which trait is commonly used to recognize potential community leaders for extension activities?

• a) Ownership of the largest landholding only
• b) Influence and respect among peers and willingness to mobilize others
• c) Exclusive reliance on formal education credentials
• d) Having political office as a requirement

10. Republic Act No. 8435, known as AFMA, was enacted primarily to:

• a) Modernize agriculture and fisheries to improve competitiveness, income and food security
• b) Abolish local agricultural offices
• c) Nationalize all farmland
• d) Restrict agricultural training to universities only

11. Which statement best explains the R-E-F linkage in agricultural extension?

• a) It is a financing mechanism for exporters
• b) It stands for Rural-Education-Fund and focuses on scholarships
• c) It refers to linking Research, Extension and Farmers to ensure technology development and adoption
• d) It is a marketing agency for farm produce

12. Which extension delivery model emphasizes regular, scheduled visits by extension staff and systematic training of extension agents?

• a) Farmer Field School
• b) Training & Visit (T&V) system
• c) Mass media only
• d) Open market extension

13. Gender-responsive extension services would LEAST likely include which of the following actions?

• a) Scheduling trainings at times convenient for women farmers
• b) Providing childcare during trainings
• c) Targeting extension only to land-owning male heads of households
• d) Using gender analysis to design interventions

14. Which organization in the Philippines is primarily responsible for capacity building, training courses and extension education for farmers and extension workers?

• a) Agricultural Training Institute (ATI)
• b) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
• c) Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
• d) Department of Tourism

15. Which of the following is an example of a social institution important for extension planning in rural communities?

• a) Family and kinship networks
• b) Offshore banking
• c) International space agencies
• d) Global stock exchanges

16. Which of the following describes a key strength of the Farmer Field School (FFS) approach?

• a) Short, one-hour lectures to large audiences
• b) Strictly theory-based classroom training
• c) Passive learning through mass media only
• d) Season-long, experiential, field-based learning with farmer experimentation

17. Social stratification in rural areas most directly affects which of the following extension planning considerations?

• a) Only the soil type of the area
• b) The choice of crop varieties by researchers
• c) Access to resources, participation levels and targeting of interventions
• d) The color of government buildings

18. Which of the following BEST describes a public–private partnership in extension delivery?

• a) Collaboration where government and private sector share resources to deliver extension services
• b) Private sector replaces government completely in regulation
• c) Government only contracts foreign NGOs without local involvement
• d) Duplication of services with no coordination

19. In designing gender-sensitive extension programs, which indicator would be MOST useful to track?

• a) Number of tractors sold only to men
• b) Proportion of women participating in trainings and their access to inputs/credit
• c) Number of televisions in the community
• d) Number of tourist arrivals

20. Republic Act No. 10601 (AFMech Law) primarily addresses which area?

• a) Fisheries conservation only
• b) Promotion of agricultural and fisheries mechanization
• c) Mining regulations
• d) Urban housing policy

21. Which of the following is an effective community organization method to increase farmer participation?

• a) Forming farmer groups or cooperatives with clear roles and benefits
• b) Isolating progressive farmers and excluding others
• c) Requiring mandatory fees with no transparency
• d) Centralizing all decisions at the national level

22. Which factor most commonly acts as a barrier to effective communication in rural extension?

• a) Universal literacy
• b) Excessive funding
• c) Language differences, cultural norms and low trust
• d) Too many extension agents per village

23. The National Agriculture and Fishery Extension System (NAFES) in the Philippines primarily seeks to:

• a) Replace LGUs in delivering services
• b) Integrate and coordinate extension services across agencies and stakeholders
• c) Promote export of agricultural products only
• d) Focus solely on urban agriculture

24. Which is an advantage commonly associated with Training & Visit (T&V) extension systems?

• a) No follow-up with farmers
• b) Unstructured delivery of messages
• c) Improved accountability and regular contact between extension staff and farmers
• d) Elimination of subject-matter specialists

25. Which cultural factor should extension workers consider to ensure uptake of new technologies?

• a) Only national culture, ignoring local practices
• b) The climate data for a different region
• c) Local beliefs, traditions and customary practices related to farming
• d) International trade agreements exclusively

26. Which approach is most suited to identify local knowledge and seasonal problems directly from community members?

• a) Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
• b) Top-down policy decree
• c) National TV broadcasting only
• d) Export market analysis

27. In the context of extension, what is an important reason to work with local NGOs and farmer organizations?

• a) To bypass community consent
• b) To leverage local trust, networks and sustainability of interventions
• c) To centralize decision making at the national level
• d) To eliminate LGU involvement

28. Which statement about power structures in rural communities is TRUE?

• a) Power structures are uniform across all communities
• b) Power always resides only with formal leaders
• c) Power structures include formal and informal leaders, and influence varies by context
• d) Power structures do not affect extension outcomes

29. Which monitoring indicator would best measure community mobilization success?

• a) Number of unrelated national policies passed
• b) Increase in number of active organized farmer groups and attendance in meetings
• c) Number of foreign visitors to the community
• d) Total number of advertisements placed

30. Which institutional actor is typically responsible for research that should inform extension messages?

• a) State agricultural research institutes and universities
• b) Military research units only
• c) International tourism boards
• d) Local sports clubs

31. Which of the following best describes the role of SUCs (State Universities and Colleges) in extension?

• a) They only conduct degree teaching and never engage in community extension
• b) They conduct research, provide technical assistance and deliver community extension services
• c) They regulate pesticide sales
• d) They manage national elections

32. Which participatory tool is commonly used to visualize seasonal activities, resource availability and problem timelines with community members?

• a) Satellite imagery only
• b) Seasonal calendar (participatory seasonal mapping)
• c) Urban traffic maps
• d) National census data alone

33. Which indicator would BEST show improved gender equity resulting from an extension program?

• a) Increased control by women over income from agricultural enterprises
• b) Reduced number of school libraries
• c) More men attending religious services
• d) Increased number of import permits

34. Which approach focuses on analyzing the farm household as a system and designing interventions across enterprises to improve overall livelihood?

• a) Commodity-only approach
• b) Urban planning approach
• c) Farming systems approach
• d) Export-driven monoculture approach

35. Which is a common limitation of Farmer Field Schools (FFS) when scaled up nationally?

• a) They are universally low-cost
• b) They do not involve farmer experimentation
• c) High per-farmer training cost and resource intensity
• d) Inability to improve skills

36. Which of the following is an example of an extension service provided by LGUs?

• a) National defense planning
• b) Municipal-level farmer trainings, veterinary services and seed distribution
• c) Issuing passports
• d) International trade negotiations

37. Which practice helps ensure inclusion of marginalized groups in extension activities?

• a) Holding meetings at times and locations accessible to marginalized groups
• b) Using highly technical jargon and excluding translation
• c) Charging high fees for participation by default
• d) Requiring formal university degrees for attendance

38. Which of the following is a typical function of extension workers when promoting new technologies?

• a) Provide hands-on demonstrations, technical guidance and follow-up support
• b) Only publish research papers and avoid field contact
• c) Restrict information to wealthy farmers
• d) Focus solely on urban consumer preferences

39. Which policy/legal instrument explicitly aims to modernize Philippine agriculture and fisheries (enacted 1997)?

• a) Local Government Code
• b) RA 7160 only
• c) Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (RA 8435)
• d) RA on mining

40. Which method is MOST appropriate to evaluate whether extension messages reached intended farmers?

• a) Randomized or purposive post-training follow-up surveys and field visits
• b) Counting number of TV ads aired nationally
• c) Solely using secondary national statistics
• d) Measuring only website hits in urban centers

41. Which of the following best reflects the role of NGOs in agricultural extension?

• a) NGOs only fund projects and never implement them
• b) NGOs replace government services entirely
• c) NGOs often complement government extension by piloting innovations, mobilizing communities and providing capacity building
• d) NGOs regulate land tenure

42. Which indicator is most useful to assess whether a training program improved farmer decision-making?

• a) Number of farmers applying improved practices and reporting changes in yields or income
• b) Number of extension offices constructed
• c) Number of entertainment events in town hall
• d) Number of imported vehicles

43. Which of the following is a correct statement about targeting women in extension?

• a) Targeting women is unnecessary because they do not participate in agriculture
• b) All women have identical needs and a single message fits all
• c) Tailoring messages and delivery methods to different groups of women increases effectiveness
• d) Women should be excluded from extension to simplify logistics

44. Which is a typical feature of a successful R-E-F linkage mechanism?

• a) Two-way communication between researchers and farmers with extension as facilitator
• b) Researchers working in isolation without farmer feedback
• c) Hiding research results from extension staff
• d) Complete reliance on imported technologies with no local testing

45. Which extension strategy would best address cultural resistance to an introduced practice?

• a) Engage respected local leaders, demonstrate benefits, and adapt technology to local norms
• b) Force adoption through penalties
• c) Ignore community input and proceed
• d) Replace all local crops without consultation

46. Which mechanism helps institutional coordination among DA bureaus, LGUs, SUCs and NGOs?

• a) Creating multi-stakeholder platforms and regular coordination meetings
• b) Competitive secrecy between agencies
• c) Eliminating local input
• d) Centralizing all activities abroad

47. What is an appropriate role of social norms in designing extension messages?

• a) Understand norms and design messages that align or respectfully address them
• b) Ignore norms completely
• c) Mock local practices publicly
• d) Only use foreign case studies without adaptation

48. Which of the following is a likely benefit when extension fosters farmer-to-farmer diffusion of innovations?

• a) Faster, culturally-appropriate adoption and lower per-farmer training costs
• b) Immediate elimination of all pests
• c) Guaranteed market prices
• d) Uniform adoption regardless of local context

49. Which criterion is important when selecting farmer leaders for demonstration plots?

• a) Their willingness to host demonstrations and credibility among peers
• b) Their ability to travel abroad frequently
• c) Ownership of luxury vehicles
• d) Their preference for not sharing results

50. Which of the following is a primary purpose of extension policy reforms such as those promoted under AFMA?

• a) To expressly limit technology transfer
• b) To centralize all agricultural services in a single agency without partners
• c) To modernize the sector, strengthen services (including extension) and improve farmer incomes and food security
• d) To privatize all water resources